The vocabulary in this passage is a primary barrier for many test-takers. Review these high-yield definitions:
The most stunning examples of avian intelligence come from the New Caledonian crow, a species renowned for its intricate tool-making abilities. Scientists have observed these crows in the wild crafting hooked tools from twigs to extract grubs from deep tree holes that their beaks cannot reach. They also fashion leaves into small spears to collect insects. Since these crows are highly social and their tool designs vary geographically, researchers initially assumed that these skills were cultural—learned by observing other crows. The vocabulary in this passage is a primary
In the Oxford lab experiment, the New Caledonian crow (Betty) used wire—an unfamiliar, artificial material—and "bent the wire into a hook to retrieve the meat." 3. B (Western Scrub-Jay) They also fashion leaves into small spears to